Urinary, Reproductive, and Regulatory Systems

This unit examines the structure and function of the urinary and reproductive systems and the regulatory roles of the nervous and endocrine systems in maintaining homeostasis and supporting reproduction. It builds on foundational anatomical concepts from earlier units and prepares students to apply system-level knowledge to clinical scenarios and patient care in the final unit.

Learning Objectives

• Analyze the structures and functions of the urinary system and explain their roles in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis
• Demonstrate knowledge of male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology, including gametogenesis, fertilization, and the stages and physiological changes of pregnancy
• Apply principles of nervous and endocrine signaling to explain how neural impulses and hormones coordinate control of urinary and reproductive system processes
• Evaluate clinical scenarios involving infections, hormonal imbalances, or system dysfunction to determine impacts on homeostasis and reproduction and propose appropriate interventions or referrals